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Human Factors & Social Engineering: The Biggest Cybersecurity Risk You Can’t Patch

By / 2026-01-15

Firewalls, encryption, and AI-powered detection tools continue to improve—but cybercriminals are increasingly bypassing technology altogether. Instead, they are targeting the human element. In 2026, human factors and social engineering remain among the most effective and damaging attack vectors. Modern attacks exploit trust, urgency, and authority—often enhanced by AI—to manipulate people into doing what attackers want. …

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Artificial Intelligence and the Evolution of Penetration Testing- Part 5, Final

By / 2025-12-30

Security Vulnerabilities in the AI Pipeline Now that we approximately understand how LLMs work – from neural network architectures through our seven-layer Prompt Flow Model – we can identify exactly where security vulnerabilities emerge. Each layer we’ve described represents not just a processing step, but a potential attack surface. In cybersecurity, we know that complexity …

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Artificial Intelligence and the Evolution of Penetration Testing – Part 4

By / 2025-12-23

LLM = Neural Network Model? Now we can return on LLM and Neural Network Model, do they mean the same thing? No! LLM is a subset of NNM (Neural Network Model). NNM (Neural network model) – any trained neural network, no matter what it’s for: images, sound, text, games, etc. LLM (Large Language Model) – …

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Artificial Intelligence and the Evolution of Penetration Testing – Part 3

By / 2025-12-16

Numbers Usually they say that a word (each word) in an LLM model is assigned or associated with a number. In truth, it is not a single number, but more like a huge vector…like this: France: [0.21, -0.85, 1.02, …, 0.17] Paris:  [-0.44, 0.73, 0.91, …, -0.05] Here we got two “numbers”, associated with words …

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Artificial Intelligence and the Evolution of Penetration Testing – Part 1

By / 2025-12-08

Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a revolution larger than the Internet itself, and it is rewriting the rules of security. To understand AI security, we must first understand Large Language Models (LLMs) – the AI systems we interact with daily. While truly mastering LLMs requires extensive study, this article builds an intuitive, foundational understanding. Too often, …

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